The original vaccine technology (papilloma pseudovirus) was co-developed by our chief executive officer Dr. Liang Qiao, professor at Loyola University Chicago, and is owned by Loyola University Chicago. In June 2002, Loyola University exclusively licensed this technology to Bio-Bridge Science with respect to China (including mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau), Japan and the United States.

The technology involves a papilloma pseudovirus that can induce an immune response after oral intake. Human papilloma or bovine papilloma pseudovirus are made by disrupting their virus-like particles, mixing them with plasmids or DNA vaccine, and reassembling them into the pseudoviruses (virus-like particles with plasmids inside). This pseudovirus does not cause any disease and thus can be applied in gene therapy or used as a vaccine or an adjuvant. The gene of interest can be inserted into a plasmid that is then packaged into virus-like particles, which also can be modified to carry antigens of interest. Oral administration of the pseudovirus will deliver the genes or antigens to intestinal mucosal, systemic lymphoid tissues, and mucosal epithelium. The pseudovirus is different from other vaccines or gene-delivery vectors because most of them can only be injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly, but can’t be given orally. Most of the vaccines can induce only systemic immune responses, but not mucosal immune responses. Because many pathogens are transmitted through mucosa, this pseudovirus can induce effective mucosal immune responses to prevent and to treat mucosal infections caused by pathogens. These pathogens include bacteria such as salmonella and viruses such as HIV. Similarly, this pseudovirus can be used to induce immune responses to treat tumors, in particular, mucosal tumors such as cervical cancer and intestinal cancers. This pseudovirus also induces much stronger immune responses than DNA vaccines in addition to its advantage as a delivery vector to mucosa.

Patent Numbers Of Our Core Technology

US patent number: US 6,878,541 B2

　　　Issued by United States Patent and trademark office on April 12, 2005

US patent number: US 7,205,126

　　　Issued by United States Patent and trademark office on April 17, 2007

China patent number: ZL 01 1 18003.x

　　　Issued by State Intellectual Property Office of P.R.C on July 16, 2003

Japan patent number: 4472724

　　　Issued by The Japan Patent Office on May 14, 2010

Relevant Publications

Title: Papillomavirus Pseudovirus: a Novel Vaccine To Induce Mucosal and Systemic Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses

Link: http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/75/21/10139

Title: Induction of Mucosal and Systemic Neutralizing Antibodies against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) by Oral Immunization with Bovine Papillomavirus-HIV-1 gp41 Chimeric Virus-Like Particles

Link: http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/78/15/8342

Title: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag-Specific Mucosal Immunity after Oral Immunization with Papillomavirus Pseudoviruses Encoding Gag

Link: http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/content/full/78/19/10249

Title: Oral Administration with Papillomavirus Pseudovirus Encoding IL-2 Fully Restores Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses to Vaccinations in Aged Mice

Link: http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi/content/full/173/4/2692

Title: Induction of Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses against Human Carcinoembryonic Antigen by an Oral Vaccine

Link: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/65/15/6990